Introduction
Domestic animals such as cows, goats, dogs, and pets play an important role in households and agriculture. Their health condition directly affects productivity, safety, and overall well-being. Early detection of abnormal body temperature or unusual movement can help prevent serious illness and reduce veterinary costs.
With advancements in embedded systems and IoT technology, wearable devices can be used to continuously monitor animal health parameters. This project focuses on designing a wearable sensor system that monitors body temperature using an infrared temperature sensor and activity/movement using an accelerometer, controlled by an ESP32 Mini microcontroller.
Objectives of the Project
The main objectives of this project are:
To design a compact and wearable device suitable for domestic animals
To monitor body temperature using a non-contact infrared sensor
To track animal movement and activity using an accelerometer
To process sensor data using the ESP32 Mini microcontroller
To display or transmit collected data for monitoring purposes
To create a low-power and cost-effective solution for animal health monitoring
PCB Manufacturer
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System Overview
The wearable sensor system consists of three main components:
- Sensing Unit – Infrared temperature sensor and accelerometer
- Control Unit – ESP32 Mini microcontroller
- Output/Communication Unit – Serial monitor, mobile app, or cloud platform (optional)
The system is worn on the animal’s body (collar or harness) and continuously collects data related to temperature and movement.
Working Principle
The working principle of the wearable sensor system is based on continuous data acquisition, processing, and monitoring of an animal’s physiological and activity parameters. The infrared temperature sensor measures the surface body temperature of the animal without physical contact by detecting the infrared radiation emitted from the skin, ensuring comfort and hygiene. At the same time, the accelerometer continuously senses motion and orientation changes along three axes (X, Y, and Z), allowing the system to identify activity levels such as movement, rest, or abnormal behavior. The ESP32 Mini microcontroller collects raw data from both sensors, filters and processes the signals, and compares them with predefined normal ranges. The processed information is then displayed on the serial monitor or transmitted wirelessly using the ESP32’s built-in Wi-Fi or Bluetooth for remote monitoring. This real-time monitoring enables early identification of fever or unusual inactivity, supporting timely intervention and improved animal health management.
Circuit Diagram
This circuit diagram represents a wearable health monitoring system for domestic animals based on an ESP32 Mini controller. The system is powered by a battery, and the supply voltage is regulated from 5 V to 3.3 V using an AMS1117-3.3 voltage regulator to safely power the ESP32 and sensors. An infrared temperature sensor and an accelerometer are interfaced with the ESP32 through the I²C communication bus, with pull-up resistors ensuring reliable data transfer. NMOS transistors are used to control the power supply to each sensor, allowing the ESP32 to switch them on or off for reduced power consumption, which is essential for wearable applications. The ESP32 processes the temperature and motion data and can transmit it wirelessly or display it through serial communication, while the reset and boot circuitry ensures proper startup and programming, making the overall design compact, efficient, and suitable for continuous animal health monitoring.
Manufacturing Files
Gerber
BOM
Position Files
PCB Files
3D Files
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Future Enhancements
Mobile app integration using Bluetooth/Wi-Fi.
GPS tracking for animal location.
Cloud data storage and analytics.
Alert system via SMS or mobile notification.
Waterproof and rugged casing.
Conclusion
This project successfully demonstrates the design and development of a wearable sensor system for domestic animals using an ESP32 Mini, infrared temperature sensor, and accelerometer. The system provides an efficient and practical solution for monitoring animal health and activity. With further enhancements, it can be transformed into a complete IoT-based smart animal health monitoring system.
