FLOOD ALTERING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO AND GSM

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

  1. Background and objectivesBackground

Flood alert system with GSM module is the system which is arduino based and deals with the possibility of flood. The circuit of this system consists arduino, GSM module, ultrasonic sensors, LCD display and rectifier. The system activates as soon as the water rises from normal level to danger level. The ultrasonic sensor sends the signal at the speed of 10ms at first to sense the water level and sends the signal to arduino. Arduino is connected with all other parameters. The arduino reads the signal and sends the signal to LCD display and GSM module if the water level is in abnormal condition. The GSM module is a communicative device and used as a method of communication for this project. GSM module works in AT command and does not work in loop. It takes 300 millisecond to operate after receiving a signal from Arduino.

  1. Objectives

The main objectives of the project are;

  1. To design a proper circuit of flood alert system with GSM module.
  2. To write a program in such a way that ultrasonic sensor sends and receive signal in every 10ms.
  3. To write the program that GSM module sends the message to every user after arduino activates.
  4. To design ultrasonic sensor to read water level.
  5. To fabricate the circuit and matrix board.
  1. Application
  2. Implementation of this system in a frequently flood occurring area reduces the level of fear in people.
  3. This system can be used to determine the overflow of water in water tank.
  4. This system helps in saving people’s life and properties.
  5. It can be used in irrigation system.

COMPONENTS LISTS

SNNAME OF COMPONENTSQUANTITYREMARKSAMAZON LINK
1ARDUINO1UNOhttps://amzn.to/3q3Pt88
2GSM MODULE1A6https://amzn.to/3m8os14
3UTRASONIC SENSOR2HC-SR04https://amzn.to/3l5ItE7
4LCD DISPLAY116*2https://amzn.to/2HGsQ8C
5RECTIFIER1https://amzn.to/2HCWJql
6VOLTAGE REGULATOR27805https://amzn.to/3fxKOGS

System Overview Block Diagram

Fig.1. Block diagram of Flood alert system with GSM module

  1. Block diagram description

Fig 1 shows the block diagram of our project. An AC supply voltage of 230 V 50 Hz is stepped down by a transformer to 9V. The secondary output is rectified by a full-wave bridge rectifier comprising diodes, filtered by capacitor and regulated by IC 7806. The transformer output is 9V which is after then converted into 5V by IC 7806.

                                The 5V output generated by full bridge circuit is fed into the arduino and other electrical parameters used in circuit. The ultrasonic sensor, used as a water level indicator indicates the water level by sending ultrasonic waves at a time interval of 10ms. The signal collected by ultrasonic sensor is then transmitted to arduino. The arduino is programed in such a way that the signal transmitted by ultrasonic sensor is analyzed and published in LCD display and GSM module that are connected to arduino.

                                 If the water is in danger level, the GSM module sends the message to user mobiles alerting them about the possible danger.

Methodology

Fig.2.Methodology

First, we surveyed for the detailed theory and principles used in our project. Secondly, we surveyed about the components used and their availability. We also wrote code and tested it on Proteus. The power supply and the proximity sensor part of the circuit has been fabricated on matrix-board. Other part of the circuit has been fabricated on breadboard and PCB.

1.5 Overview of the project

Chapter 1 of this report explains about the background and the main objectives of our project. Chapter 1 gives the brief introduction of the project and explains about the objectives of making a Flood alert system with GSM module. We have briefly described about our system and explained how the level of water is controlled using ultrasonic sensors and arduino. We have also provided the block diagram of the working of our system. Further we have explained the methods we used to complete our projects and the different tests done for it in the methodology part. Chapter 2 of the report provides us with the information of the different technologies used for the completion of the projects and also gives the description of the different components used in the circuit and their working. Chapter 3 elaborates about different blocks of our system. It also explains the circuit diagram. Finally, in chapter 4 we have talk about progress that we have made till now and what different problems faced at the time of experiments at different points of the circuit.

CHAPTER 2

TECHNOLOGY AND LITERATURE SURVEY

The project Flood alert system with GSM module deals with the possible danger that could bring hazardous flood by reading and analyzing the water level. Brief description of the main components used in the project are given below.

2.1  Arduino

The Arduino is an easy to use yet powerful single board computer that has guided considerable traction in the academic project and professional market. The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is reasonably priced and development of software is free. The Arduino board can write programs and create interface circuits to read switches and other sensors, and to control different electrical components with very little effort. The board operates in 5V with 2 Kb of RAM, 32Kb of flash memory for storing programs and 1 Kb of EEPROM for storing parameters. The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing about 300,000 lines of C source code per second. The board has 14 digital I/O pins and 6 analog input pins. There is a USB connector for talking to the host computer and a DC power jack for connecting an external 6-20 V power source.  

Fig.3.Arduino

2.2 GSM module

The GSM module is used to transmit the data from sensors to the PC system through wireless transmission. In this project , GSM sim900 modem is used which is usually mounted to the Arduino. It comes with the features to send and receive SMS and voice calls, and establish communication over the broadly spread GPRS network.  To upload sketches to the board, connect it to computer with a USB cable and upload sketch with the Arduino IDE. Once the sketch has been uploaded, you can disconnect the board from your computer and power it with an external power supply. Then, the GSM library handles communication between Arduino and the GSM shield. To configure a GSM module, a HyperTerminal is used. RS232 cable is also used to connect to the module, and to the PC’s serial port. A HyperTerminal utility should be installed to the PC.

Fig.4.GSM module

2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor

As the name indicates ultrasonic sensor measure distance by using ultrasonic waves. The sensor head emits an ultrasonic waves and receives the wave reflected back from the target ulrasonic sensors measured the distance- to the target by measuring the time between immision reception. An optical sensor has a transmitter and receiver. Whereas ultrasonic sensor uses a single ultrasonic element for both immision and reception. In a reflective model ultrasonic sensor, a single oscillator emits and receives ultrasonic waves alternately. This enables miniaturization of sensor head.

Fig.5. Ultrasonic sensor

Fig.5. Ultrasonic sensor

2.4 LCD display(Liquid Crystal Display)                                                        

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly.They use the same basic technology as seven segment display, except that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements.

Fig.6.Liquid crystal Display

2.5 IC 7805

7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage, it is designed to provide +5V regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be concluded at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage levels.

Fig.7. IC 7805

2.6 Rectifier Circuit

Fig.8. Rectifier Circuit

Rectification is defined as the conversion of alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). It uses the transformer with a center-tapped secondary winding and four diodes. This circuit’s operation is easily understood one half-cycle at a time. Consider the first half-cycle, when the source voltage polarity is positive on top and negative on bottom. At this time, the top diode is conducting; the bottom diode is blocking current, and the load sees the first half cycle of the sine wave, positive on top and negative on bottom.

An AC supply voltage of 230 V 50 Hz is stepped down by a transformer to 9V. The secondary output is rectified by a full-wave bridge rectifier comprising diodes, filtered by capacitor and regulated by IC 7805. The transformer output is 9V which is after then converted into 5V by IC 7805.

CHAPTER 3

 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTS

Our project consists following circuits;

  1. Power supply circuit
  2. Arduino with GSM module circuit
  3. Arduino with LCD display circuit
  4. Arduino with ultrasonic sensor

3.1Power supply circuit

The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power diodes connected to a single load resistance (RL) with each diode taking it in turn to supply current to the load resistor. When point A of the transformer is positive with respect to point A, diode D1 conducts in the forward direction as indicated by the arrows.When point B is positive in the negative half of the cycle with respect to C point, the diode D2 conducts in the forward direction and the current flowing through resistor R is in the same direction for both half-cycles of the wave.

The output voltage across the resistor R is the phasor sum of the two waveforms, it is also known as a bi-phase circuit.The spaces between each half-wave developed by each diode is now being filled in by the other. The average DC output voltage across the load resistor is now double that of the single half-wave rectifier circuit and is about 0.637Vmax of the peak voltage by assuming no losses. VMAX is the maximum peak value in one half of the secondary winding and VRMS is the rms value.

Fig.9. Power supply circuit

3.2 Arduino with GSM module circuit

Fig.10. Arduino with GSM module

GSM/GPRS module is used to establish communication between a computer and a GSM-GPRS system. Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is an architecture used for mobile communication in most of the countries. Global Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is an extension of GSM that enables higher data transmission rate.

The AT commands allows GSM to understand the language and commands of Arduino. In this circuit GSM is connected to arduino. The TX and Rx of GSM module is connected to the TX and Rx of Arduino while the VCC is grounded. The Arduino provides 5v supply to the GSM module.

3.3 Arduino with LCD display circuit

Fig.11.Arduino with LCD display

Above figure shows the circuit diagram for arduino and LCD connection. The VSS of LCD is grounded whereas the VDD is supplied with 5v. The Vo LCD display is connected between the potentiometer to level the voltage level. And all other points are connected with positive and GND.

The Liquid Crystal library allows you to control LCD displays that are compatible with the Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you can usually find them by the 16-pin interface.

3.4 Arduino with ultrasonic sensor

Fig.12.Arduino with ultrasonic sensor circuit

The connection diagram of arduino and ultrasonic sensor is shown in above figure. The trigpin and Echopin of ultrasonic sensor point are connected to A0 and A1 respectively of the Arduino. As the name indicates ultrasonic sensor measure distance by using ultrasonic waves. The sensor head Tx emits an ultrasonic waves and Rx receives the wave reflected back from the Surfaces. Ultrasonic sensor measure the distance of the surface by measuring the time between immision reception. An optical sensor has a transmitter and receiver. Whereas ultrasonic sensor uses a single ultrasonic element for both immision and reception. In a reflective model ultrasonic sensor, a single oscillator emits and receives ultrasonic waves alternately. This enables miniaturization of sensor head.

SOURCE CODE

#define trigPin1 A0
#define echoPin1 A1

long duration, distance;

char phone_no1[]="+9779825377955"; 

char phone_no[]="+9779800009000";

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);


void setup()
{
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("FLOOD DETECTION CONTROL ROOM..");
  for (int positionCounter = 0; positionCounter < 29; positionCounter++) 
  {
    lcd.scrollDisplayLeft();
    delay(500);
  }
  
Serial.begin (9600);
pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);


}
 
void loop() 
{
  
digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin1, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin1, HIGH);
distance = duration*0.034/2;



lcd.setCursor(0,0);
   
     lcd.print("WATER LEVEL:");
     lcd.print(distance);
     delay(500);
     lcd.clear();
     if( distance<=5)
     {
      
      SendMessage();
     }
    
}

void SendMessage()
{
Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1");
delay(2000);
Serial.print("AT+CSCA=\"");
Serial.print(phone_no);
Serial.write(0x22);
Serial.write(0x0D);   
Serial.write(0x0A);  
delay(3000);
Serial.print("AT+CMGS=\"");
Serial.print(phone_no1); 
Serial.write(0x22);
Serial.write(0x0D);  
Serial.write(0x0A); 
delay(3000);
Serial.print("water level is in danger level");
delay(500);
Serial.println(char(26));
}

CHAPTER 4

PRODUCT DISCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE

In this chapter we are going to describe about the final product and its performance. The system includes various circuits as described in chapter 3. The circuits are listed below;

  1. Rectifier circuit
  2. Arduino with GSM module, LCD display and Ultrasonic sensors
Fig.13.Flood alert system with GSM module

The system consists arduino in which a flood alert programming language is programmed via computer. The power supply is provided by the full wave bridge rectifier. An AC supply voltage of  230 V,50 Hz is stepped down by a transformer to 9V. The secondary output is rectified by a full-wave bridge rectifier comprising diodes, filtered by capacitor and regulated by IC 7805. The transformer output is 9V which is after then converted into 5V by IC 7805. We have briefly described about our system and explained how the level of water is controlled using ultrasonic sensors and arduino. The system determines the level of danger with the assist of ultrasonic sensors. The LCD display (12*2) is connected with the arduino that displays the height of water and danger notice. The GSM module connected to arduino sends a message to user if any danger arise.

                                                 The whole system is represented in a geographic figure where a system circuit is kept in a control house and ultrasonic is placed outside of control house.

CHAPTER 5

 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Work accomplished

 1. Designed the power supply and flood alert system circuit.

2. Wrote a programming language for the system using c+ language. 

3. Simulated the circuit and program on Proteus.

4. Fabricated & tested the power supply circuit on matrix board.

5. Burned the program in Aurduino using suitable burner.

6. Successfully fabricated and tested the flood alerting system on breadboard.

7. Designed the display circuit, GSM circuit and ultrasonic circuit in Proteus.

8. Wrote a program for display, measurement of distance and messaging on LCD, GSM module and ultrasonic sensor respectively.

9. Burned the program in arduino using suitable burner.

10. Fabricated and tested the flood alert circuit on PCB.

5.2 Problems faced

      Followings were the problems faced during our project:

  • Unavailability of components in lab.
  • Unavailability of components in market at required time.
  • Difficulty to get desired output during fabrication in PCB.
  • Difficulty in learning the programming languages for arduino.

CONCLUSION

This project has helped us to learn the practical aspects of the knowledge we gained so far through different courses. We would like to take this opportunity to thank our supervisor Er Ram Kumar Yadav and former Ast.Lec.Madav Prasad Nagarkoti for all the help. The practical aspect of the theoritical component is learned along with the confidence to connect the complex circuit in the breadboard and PCB. We learnt a lot about the use of Arduino and its programming. The technical and practical field knowledge required in handling project is achieved. Furthermore, We learned to work in Group with different ideas and knowledge. Thus, working in this project has been an assets for us and we have been benefited from the experience gained during its completion.

NOTE:

THIS PROJECT IS DONE BY:

1.ACHYUT RAI

2.ANISHA B.K

3.BUNTIE MAJAKOTI

4.DINESH RAI

5.GAGAN GHIMIRE

6.NEHA DEV

7.NITESH DIMAL

8.SAMUEL LIMBU

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