1. INTRODUCTION 

  Surveillance is the process in which people, places, or things are monitored usually for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting them. Today there is a need for high surveillance especially Country borders, public places, government offices, etc. comes in the category of outdoor surveillance while warehouses, homes, garages fall in the category of indoor surveillance. Both these surveillances can include observation by means of CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) cameras or by sending soldiers or spies near the area which has to be examined. But CCTV and other cameras have their own drawbacks and constraints such as they usually have blind spots and they can be covered with sticking something over the lenses like gum or spray paint, also to cover the entire area many cameras are required to reach every nook and corner increasing the cost. Similarly, human beings also have their own limitations such as obtaining information from inaccessible places is not possible; at the same time human life is precious and getting caught by the enemy is also a risk. Thus humans cannot always be used to acquire information from remote and dangerous places. ^[1]

Humans cannot always be used to acquire information from remote and dangerous places. ^[1] Here robots come into the picture. A robot capable of moving in all types of terrains and mounted with camera and other sensors can do the job. It can help in outdoor surveillance by monitoring important places and also it can be made to reach suspicious place for close observations. Similarly, a robot can be used for indoor surveillance and can be made to reach the places of interest for getting the information rather than installing cameras in the whole environment ^[1]. With the use of the robots many human lives can be saved because an observation can be made without going to the risky places, also even if robot is caught it can be destroyed without risking anything.

1.1 Project Aim

Aim of Our project is to provide a better surveillance for army soldiers.

Provides visuals from places were soldiers can’t enter, senses smoke in case of fire accident or bomb blast, also include GPS.

1.2 Project Scope

 The scope of the project is to build a surveillance robot to monitor the Forest Area and other places were armed men’s can’t reach easily, Provide Visual Data about the area and also the terrorist’s movement in the forest area by human detections system.

1.3 Projects Features

            The aim of our project is to provide a better surveillance for army soldiers,

• surveillance over the forest for unwanted activities 
• Smoke detector for forest fire and bomb blast 
• PIR sensor and Thermal scanner for human detection
• GPS module for tracking of robots and sending location information 

Some features can be include in future:

• Surveillance and Target Engagement using Robots
• Intelligent Exploration and Self Destruction Robot 

1.4 Objectives and Expected Outcomes

 In order to arrive at the final aim, there were a number of key objectives to satisfy during the project.

These include:

1. Undertake a literature review on Surveillance monitoring robot.
2. Undertake a basic requirement analysis.
3. Identify suitable components for the system implementation.
4. Identify future research direction.

1.5 System Requirements                                                                                                

For a system to run both hardware and software are required:

Hardware Requirement:

• Arduino Nano (Microcontroller).
• PIR Sensor.
• GPS MODULE.
• Smoke Detector.
• Wireless communication Platform.
• Servo Motor.
• Jumper Wires.
• Ultrasonic sensor

Software Requirement:

• Sketch.
• Others drivers related to hardware.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

 Robotics in the field of surveillance and rescue is very popular. A lot of research has been done for transmitting live video, wireless control system of robots to establish long range and reliable communication. The most common method is to use a wireless camera along with costly sensors and mount them on the robot to get the live video and other environment parameter details. The robot is controlled either with Bluetooth or ZigBee [1]. 

Surveillance Robot Using Arduino Microcontroller, Android APIs and the Internet, that is capable of transmitting video relay to a local host was designed. [2]

Human Surveillance and Landmine Detecting Robot using Lab view, the automatic mode uses face recognition technique to combat intruders. [3]

Wireless Surveillance Robot using Automatic & Manual Control, The project is all about developing a wireless surveillance robotic vehicle which can navigate through obstacles with the help of sensors, embedded system and its programming. [4]

Surveillance and Target Engagement using Robots International Conference on Electrical, Information and Communication Technologies 2 | Page (ICEICT -2017) Our concept is rather unique in the sense that it provides a low cost solution that offers unlimited range, video feedback. The robot is able to avoid obstacles. It is provided with temperature, humidity, smoke and gas sensors to measure various environment parameters. The robot has autonomous navigation facility. The use of Smartphone allows the user to get live audio data from the environment. The use of Android allows the use of many applications that can be helpful in surveillance and rescue operations. The robotic arm facilitates picking up of objects such as radioactive and other harmful objects. Acceleration and GPS data are received from inbuilt sensors in Smartphone. It can also detect humans if present in the vicinity. The robot can be controlled from a Laptop, a Tablet solving the problem of portability of controlling system.

2.1 Arduino 

Arduino is an open source platform based on easy-to-use Hardware and Software. Arduino Boards are able to reads inputs. In 2012, Uhan & Akbas discussed ‘HD video transfer to a projection device’ using Beagle bone boards and Panda Board modules. Their method of transmission was wireless rather than using VLC, but they concluded that Raspberry pi or any other microcontroller could be a future research area. The 2015 conference paper submitted by Nikhade on sensor networks again utilized Raspberry pi or any other microcontroller but without VLC technology. Probably the closest work that has come to light is the 2015 BSc Thesis by Ambady, Bredes & Nquyen, which attempted to build on previous student research by transmitting audio using VLC and low-cost processor modules. They assessed a number of processors and decided to use an STM32 module over the Raspberry pi or any other microcontroller. They encountered problems with the Analogue to Digital Converter’s

(ADC) and although they managed audio signal transfer, it wasn’t HD video. 

Thanks to its simple and accessible user experience, Arduino has been used in thousands of different project and applications. The Arduino Software is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advance users. Its runs on Mac, Windows and Linux. Teachers and student use it to build low cost scientific instrument, to prove

Chemistry and Physics principles, or to get started with programming and robotics.

           Table 1 – Comparison of Present Market Micro-Controller.

Brand	CPU	CPU Speed	Memory	GPIO	Year
Arduino Uno R3	AT mega 16U2	16MHz	32KB flash	14 pin 7-12V	2016
Arduino M0 Pro	ARM Cortex M0	48MHz	256KB flash	48 pin 3.3V/615V	2015
Raspberry pi or any other microcontroller 3B	ARM Quad Cortex A53	1.2GHz	1GB RAM	40 pin 3.3V/5V	2016
Raspberry pi or any other microcontroller 2B	ARM Quad Cortex A7	900MHz	1GB RAM	40 pin 3.3V/5V	2015
Raspberry pi or any other microcontroller Zero	ARM11 Core	1GHz	512MB SDRAM	40 pin 3.3V/5V	2015
Beagle Bone Black C	Sitara Cortex A8	1GHz	512MB DRAM	46+46 3.3V	2014

Arduino Nano Pinout contains 14 digital pins, 8 analog Pins, 2 Reset Pins & 6 Power Pins. Each of these Digital & Analog Pins are assigned with multiple functions but their main function is to be configured as input or output. They are acted as input pins when they are interfaced with sensors, but if you are driving some load then use them as output. Functions like pinMode() and digitalWrite()  are used to control the operations of digital pins while analogRead() is used to control analog pins. The analog pins come with a total resolution of 10bits which measure the value from zero to 5V.

Figure 2: Arduino Nano Pins.

2.3 Pyroelectric Sensor Module 

 The term PIR is the short form of the Passive Infra-Red. The term “passive” indicates that the sensor does not actively take part in the process, which means, it does not emit the referred IR signals itself, rather passively detects the infrared radiations coming from the human body in the surrounding area.

The detected radiations are converted into an electrical charge, which is proportional to the detected level of the radiation. Then this charge is further improved by a built in FET and fed to the output pin of the device which becomes applicable to an external circuit for further triggering and amplification of the alarm stages.The PIR sensor range is up to 10 meters at an angle of +15o or -15o.

2.3 Smoke Sensor 

The MQ-2 smoke sensor is sensitive to smoke and to the following flammable gases: LPG, Butane, Propane, Methane, Alcohol, and Hydrogen. The resistance of the sensor is different depending on the type of the gas.

 The smoke sensor has a built-in potentiometer that allows you to adjust the sensor sensitivity according to how accurate you want to detect gas.

2.4 GPS Module 

The NEO-6M GPS module is shown in the figure below. It comes with an external antenna and does not come with header pins. So you will need to solder it. The heart of the module is a NEO-6M GPS chip from u-blox. It can track up to 22 satellites on 50 channels and achieves the industry’s highest level of sensitivity i.e. -161 dB tracking, while consuming only 45mA supply current. The u-blox 6 positioning engine also boasts a Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) of under 1 second. One of the best features the chip provides is Power Save Mode (PSM). It allows a reduction in system power consumption by selectively switching parts of the receiver ON and OFF. This dramatically reduces power consumption of the module to just 11mA making it suitable for power sensitive applications like GPS wristwatch. The necessary data pins of NEO-6M GPS chip are broken out to a “0.1″ pitch headers. This includes pins required for communication with a microcontroller over UART. 

Note:- The module supports baud rate from 4800bps to 230400bps with default baud of 9600.

3. PROJECT METHODOLOGY

3.1 Overview

This project was purely one of research and experimental work. The steps generally followed a typical Project lifecycle model from the book “Introduction to IT project Management.”(Frank Parth).

 Project Initialization.

 Project Start Up.

3.1.1 Initialization

The Project Initialization Phase was a combination of producing a report, research into prototype specifics and formalization of the project scope and outcomes.

3.1.2 Start-Up

   The Project Start-Up phase took the outputs from the Initialization Phase and built on them to begin the physical work phase of the Project.

Outputs of the Start-Up Phase were:

• Collecting research paper related to this project. o Collecting information about similar project.
• Understanding how to use Sensor Arduino output signal.                                          
• Downloading all necessary software.
• Purchased all test equipment, power supplies, components, devices, cables and Frame work.

   3.2 System Design

THIS PROJECT IS DONE BY :

• SMITH RAI
• SAROJ SHARMA G
• SUBESH POUDEL
• G SAJITH SHARMA